虽然英语有重叠元音或辅音而形成的词汇,有类似于重叠的单词连续反复,以及象声词重叠的现象。但是,与汉语的重叠变化来说相去甚远,它们远不足以翻译汉语的叠词。因此,大多数情况下,只能舍弃其形式而译其意义,用比较切近、自然的译文表达出原文的语意和体现重叠后词的词义变化。尽管如此,我们还是可以从中找出一基本的翻译方法。
- 这些战士个个都很漂亮。
Each and every one of these soldiers has proved his method.
- 件件衣服都很漂亮。
All of these suits of clothes are beautiful.
- 绿化祖国,人人有责。
It's everybody's duty to make our motherland green.
- 不要斤斤计较。
Do not haggle over every ounce.
- 地里的活她样样都会。
She knows how to do every kind of farm work.
- 他们的战术是步步为营、稳所稳打。
Their tactics is to go ahead steadily and entrench them-selves at every step,and then strike sure blows.
英汉中,同一个词用介词(after,in,to,upon,with等)连续起来使用,用and连接起来连续使用,用连字符(hyphen)连接起来使用,或者用逗号(,)隔开重叠使用。这种方法被称之为同词连续反复,它类似于汉语重叠现象。此方法可表达;增义'或'强义'的语意。例如:
- 一天一天、一年一年,他们顽强地生活和战斗在荒山野林里。
Day after day and year after year,fought and lived stubbornly in thewild mountains and forests.
- 洪水慢慢地退了。
Little by little the flood water receded.
- 要么就一点也不相信我,要么就完完全全相信我。
And trust me not at all or all in all.
- 农民犁田只能一块一块地犁。
Peasants can only plough the land plot by plot.
- 他读啊读,读了整整一天,终于把这本书读完了。
He read and read,and finally got the book through after a whole day.
- 走呀走,走了很久,孩子们才走到目的地。
The children walked on and on. It was after a long walk that they arrived at the destination.
- 医生仔仔细细给病人作了检查。
The doctor examined the patient very,very carefully.
- 我们有许许多多有趣的游戏。
We have many,many interesting games.
- 街上除了他们沉重的军用靴子的通通声外,一切都是静悄悄的。
The streets were silent except for the clop-clop of their heavy military boots.
- 行行过太行,迢迢赴延安。
细细问故旧,星星数鬓斑。(陈毅:《赴延安留别华中诸同志》)
On and on post Taihang we walk,By and by to Yanan we make our way.Again and again with old friends we talk,One by one we count our hairs grey.(许渊冲译)
- 学生们三三两两地坐在教室里。
The students sit on their seats in the classroom by twos and threes.
- 假日里,青年人双双对对漫步在公园内。
The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.
- 山林炊烟缕缕上升。
Wisps of smoke rose continuously from the mountain village chimneys.
- 一群一群的人蜂拥而进大厅。
Crowds of people swarmed into the hall.
- 大批大批的物资被立即送往地震灾区。
Thousands of goods and materials are immediately sent to the earthquake-stricken area.
- 成群成群的蝗虫毁灭了大片大片的稻田庄稼。
Hordes of locusts the crops in tracts rice field.
- 他们听着听着不觉哈哈大笑起来。
As they listened they burst into laughter.
- 数着数着,两只兔子快到对岸了。
As they counted(the turtles)the two found themselves quite near the other side of the river.
- 我们的事情太多了,做都做不完。
There are too many things for me to attend to.
- 他思绪滚滚,早已忘却约会一事。
He had been so busy with her own emotion that he had forgotten about the appointment.
- 他很听话,我们的话句句听。
He was very obedient and always did as we told him.
- 我们应扎扎实实地把这个问题解决好。
We must work in a down-to-earth way.
此结构中的名词大多与动作动词有词源关系。例如:
- 你们只可以吓一吓他,可别把他打伤了。
You may well give him a fright,but be sure not wound him.
- 让敌人尝尝我们炮弹的味道。
Give the enemy a taste of our shells.
- 这东西需要检查检查。
It's necessary to have a check-up.
- 你们俩交换交换意见。
You two have an exchange of views.
- 让他试试那件上衣。
Let him have a try on the coat.
- 请闻一闻牛奶的气味。
Please take a smell at the milk.
有很好的修辞效果,可表达叠词的'增义'或'强义'语意。
- 爱情在他们心里噗噗地跳。
Love pit-patted in their heart.
- 她是那么圆滚滚、矮墩墩的,我感到奇怪她怎么能动作迅速地捉到小鸟。
She was so round and rolly I used to wonder how she ever moved fast enough to catch hold of a bird.
- 表演场地上让比赛车塞得满满的。
Exhibition floors were chock-a-block with racing and sports cars.
- 我们不得不零零星星的偿付。
We have to pay in dribs and drabs.
- 我们要求把事情完全摆在桌面上,而不是鬼鬼崇崇。
We wanted things to be completely above board and no hanky-panky.
- 那条小径曲曲折折通向山顶。
The path zigzags up the hill.
- 青青河畔草,郁郁园中柳。(古诗十九首)
Green grows the grass upon the bank,The willow-shoots are long and lank, (HerbertA.Giles译)
- 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。(李清照:《声声慢》)
So dim,so dark,so dense so dull,so damp,so dank,so dead,(林语堂译)
- 祝大家平平安安。
Wish all you safe and sound
- 现在我的衣服干干净净,但过去我父亲却穿得破破烂烂。
My clothes are neat and clean,but my father's were worn and torn。
- 两家生活都被弄得颠颠倒倒,混乱不堪。
The lives two families are turned topsy-turvy。
- 我们听到雨夹雪打在冰冻的玻璃上的滴滴答答的声音。
We heard the tick-tack of sleet on frosted windowpanes。
- 星星之火,可以燎原。
A single spark can start a prairie fire。
- 科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。
Science means honest,solid knowledge,allowing not an iota of false-hood,and it involves Herculean efforts and grueling toil.
- 他们的房间暖烘烘的。
Their room was good and warm。
- 树阴底下凉凉爽爽。
It was nice and cool under the shade of a tree。
- 对待同志要满腔热忱,不能冷冷清清,漠不关心。
We should be warm towards our comrades,not ice cold and indifferent。
- 兹母手中线,游子身上衣。临行密密缝,意恐迟迟归。(孟郊:《游子吟》)
Thread from the hands of a doting mother,Worked into the clothes of a far-off journeying son。Before his departure,were the close,fine stitches set,Lest haply his return be long delayed,(Amy Lowell译)
- 土豪劣绅的小姐少奶奶的牙床上,也可以去滚一滚。
They even loll for a minute or two on the ivory-inlaid beds。
- 那是万万不行的。
That's absolutely out of the question。
- 我万万没有想到。
This idea never occurred to me。
- 鲜艳的五星红旗徐徐升起。
The bright Five-Star Red Flag slowly went up the pole .
- 路上的行人渐渐少了。
The number of pedestrians gradually dwindled。
- 家乡的景物处处使人想起了往事,许多往事可追溯到幼年时代。
The hometown was full of reminiscence,many going back to early childhood。